Encyclopedian Dictionary: 2013

exoperidium

Pronunciation key

( ĕks′ō-pǐ-rǐd′ǐ-əm )

ex•o•pe•rid•i•um

Botany. See peridium.

References

A genus of tropical American shrubs or trees of the family Rubiaceae. The bark of one species Exostema caribaceum resembles the bark of the Cinchona trees and has been used as a substitute for quinine.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Plantae – Vegetal, plants
Subkingdom	Viridaeplantae – green plants
Infrakingdom	Streptophyta – land plants
Division	Tracheophyta – vascular plants, tracheophytes
Subdivision	Spermatophytina – spermatophytes, seed plants
Infradivision	Angiospermae – flowering plants, angiosperms
Class	Magnoliopsida
Superorder	Asteranae
Order	Gentianales
Family	Rubiaceae – madders, rubiacées
Genus	Exostema (Pers.) Humb. & Bonpl.
Direct Children:
Species	Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. – Caribbean princewood, princewood
Species	Exostema ellipticum Griseb. – plateado
Species	Exostema sanctae-luciae (Kentish) Britton – Jamaicanbark
Exostema, (Pers.) Humb. & Bonpl. Taxonomic Serial No.: 34989

References

Exocoetus

Exocoetus

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Animal, animals
Subkingdom	Bilateria
Infrakingdom	Deuterostomia
Phylum	Chordata – chordates
Subphylum	Vertebrata – vertebrates
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
Superclass	Osteichthyes – bony fishes
Class	Actinopterygii – ray-finned fishes, spiny rayed fishes
Subclass	Neopterygii – neopterygians
Infraclass	Teleostei
Superorder	Acanthopterygii
Order	Beloniformes – orphies, needlefishes
Suborder	Belonoidei
Superfamily	Exocoetoidea
Family	Exocoetidae – flyingfishes, exocets, voladores
Genus	Exocoetus Linnaeus, 1758 – flyingfishes
Direct Children:
Species	Exocoetus gibbosus Parin and Shakhovskoy, 2000
Species	Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson, 1846 – barbel flyingfish, volador barbudo
Species	Exocoetus obtusirostris Günther, 1866 – oceanic two-wing flyingfish, volador flecha, volador oceánico
Species	Exocoetus peruvianus Parin and Shakhovskoy, 2000
Species	Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 – tropical two-wing flyingfish, volador tropical
Exocoetus, Linnaeus, 1758, Taxonomic Serial No.: 165506

See flying fish.

References

Exoascus

Exoascus

Exoascus or Taphrina, a genus of parasitic fungi of the family Exoascaceae (which is likely no longer valid as it does not appear listed on ITIS.gov's database) a genus which belonged to the class Ascomycetes. These fungi cause various deformities on seed plants, especially trees. One of the species causes the disease known as peach curl, which results in a characteristic curling and deformities of the leaf. Another species forms the so-called plum pockets. In this disease the young plums shrivel and seeds fail to develop. Some species cause brushlike deformities known as witches'-brooms on cherry trees.

References

Exosporeae

Exosporeae

Subclass of slime molds. See Ceratiomyxomycetidae; Myxomycetes.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Fungi – fungi
Division	Myxomycota – slime molds, myxomycètes
Class	Myxomycetes – acellular slime molds, plasmoidial slime molds, true slime molds
Subclass	Exosporeae
Exosporeae, Taxonomic Serial No.: 13772

References

Exopterygota

Exopterygota

A traditional classification in zoology, but is invalid. The correct classification is Neoptera. Although Exopterygota is still used by some as a subdivision within the Neoptera, for the moment ITIS is not implementing this.

Traditionally, Exopterygota was a division (17 orders) of the class Insecta characterized by incomplete metamorphosis and resemblance of the juvenile and the adult.

References

exopodite

exopodite

Biology. Part of a crustacean appendage.

References

Exogyra

Exogyra

Extinct mollusc genus of the Oyster family, commonly found in shallow-water marine deposits of the Jurassic to Cretaceous periods (dating around 65-190 million years old). Exogyra characteristically had a very thick shell which attained massive proportions. The beak of each valve is spiral. The left valve is spirally twisted, deeply convex, usually strongly marked by radial folds of the surface whereas the right valve is flatter, concave and much smaller and contains a surface that is either smooth or marked by faint radiating lines. A distinctive longitudal pattern of ribbing is highly developed in the left valve. The genus possessed inequilateral, twisted shells resembling somewhat the form of the young plicate shells of the modern edible oyster though the shell of Exogyra is larger and more convex.

Exogyra upatoiensis Exogyra

Exogyra ponderosa

References and Further Reading

Exogyra collection of C. Newsom, Collected from Texas, Alabama, New Jersey, Utah and Nevada

Paleontology of Kentucky

exocoetoidei

exocoetoidei

Invalid synonym for Belonoidei. Traditionally the term was a classification for a suborder of fishes of the order Atheriniformes.

See Belonoidei, Taxonomic Serial No.: 553157.

References

Exocoetidae

Exocoetidae

Family of flying fishes.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Animal, animals
Subkingdom	Bilateria
Infrakingdom	Deuterostomia
Phylum	Chordata – chordates
Subphylum	Vertebrata – vertebrates
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
Superclass	Osteichthyes – bony fishes
Class	Actinopterygii – ray-finned fishes, spiny rayed fishes
Subclass	Neopterygii – neopterygians
Infraclass	Teleostei
Superorder	Acanthopterygii
Order	Beloniformes – orphies, needlefishes
Suborder	Belonoidei
Superfamily	Exocoetoidea
Family	Exocoetidae – flyingfishes, exocets, voladores
Direct Children:
Genus	Cheilopogon Lowe, 1841
Genus	Cypselurus Swainson, 1838
Genus	Danichthys Bruun, 1934
Genus	Exocoetus Linnaeus, 1758 – flyingfishes
Genus	Fodiator Jordan and Meek, 1885
Genus	Hirundichthys Breder, 1928
Genus	Parexocoetus Bleeker, 1866
Genus	Prognichthys Breder, 1928
Exocoetidae, Taxonomic Serial No.: 165431

See Flying Fish and Halfbeak.

References

exobasidiales

exobasidiales

Fungi. See Basidiomycetes and Earthstar Fungi: Basidiomycetes.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Fungi – fungi
Division	Basidiomycota – basidiomycetes, club fungi
Class	Ustomycetes
Order	Exobasidiales
Direct Children:
Family	Brachybasidiaceae Gäum
Exobasidiales, Taxonomic Serial No.: 623884

Farbatlas der Basidiomyceten/Color Atlas Of Basidiomycetes

References

Exotic Shorthair (Cat)

Exotic Shorthair Cat

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Animal, animals
Subkingdom	Bilateria
Infrakingdom	Deuterostomia
Phylum	Chordata – chordates
Subphylum	Vertebrata – vertebrates
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
Superclass	Tetrapoda
Class	Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 – mammals
Subclass	Theria Parker and Haswell, 1897
Infraclass	Eutheria Gill, 1872
Order	Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 – carnivores, carnivores
Suborder	Feliformia Kretzoi, 1945 – cat-like carnivores
Family	Felidae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 – cats
Subfamily	Felinae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817
Genus	Felis Linnaeus, 1758 – small cats
Species	Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 – Domestic Cat
Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758, Taxonomic Serial No.: 183798

For many years British breeders experimented with crossbreeding Persian and Russian Blue lines into the British shorthair breed. In the 1950's and 1960's in the U.S., some breeders began using Persians in their American shorthair breeding programs. There was an open registration policy at that time. The goal was to add color not yet available in American shorthairs, such as chinchilla and shaded silver, which at that time existed only in the Persian breed. Resulting from this hybridization the shorthairs began acquiring some undesirable traits, including round heads and soft, excessively long coats. This outcrossing was discontinued by most breeders.

The hybrids were appreciated by some breeders for the cat's exceptional beauty and uniqueness. In 1966, through the initiative of Jane Martinke, a judge with the CFA, it was suggested to institute a program in recognition of the hybrid. Therefore the CFA decided to designate the new breed as Exotic Shorthair. The ideal was to be a short haired Persian, and all breeders of the hybrid American Shorthairs were given an opportunity for registration of their cats to this new breed.

By 1967, Exotic Shorthairs were accepted for Championship status. Burmese and Russian Blues were also used in the early years because at that time any shorthair was allowed. Today only Persians are accepted.

The standard for Exotic Shorthairs is the same as that for Persians except the coat which must be medium length, soft and stands out from the body. The length is slightly longer than that of other short-haired cats but should not be so long that it "flows," as does the Persian's coat. Because of its close ties with the Persian, this breed has been judged along with the long-haired breed group at the CFA shows since 1983.

Following years of hard work, breeders have produced Exotic Shorthairs equal in body and head type to the Persian. However, the breed still has its own distinct appearance which some call a "teddy bear look," with a stocky body that is boldly apparent with short legs and the neck is more easily seen without the long coat.

Grolier Encyclopedia ©1991
One of the more recently accepted breeds of cat by the CFA. Its fur has Persian qualities but is as short as that of the Abyssinian and does not mat. Its color is the same as the Persian breed. Its nose is short and snub and its legs are low. This cat was produced by breeding a shorthair with a Persian.

References and Further Reading

Pet MD: Exotic Shorthair

About This Breed

Vet Street: Exotic Shorthair

All Cat Breeds

exotropia

Pronunciation key

( ek′so-tro′pe-ah )

exotropia

Divergent strabismus.
Stabismus in which there is permanent deviation of the visual axis of one eye away from that of the other which results in diplopia. Also called Divergent Strabismus and wall-eye.

Adj. exotropic.

References

Spatulate or Spathulate

Pronunciation key

( spach′oo-lit)
( spach′oo-lāt)

spat•u•late

Spatulate or Spathulate leaf

adj.

[Mod. L. spatulatus].

Shaped like a spatula or a spoon such as some leaves.

Spatulate or Spathulate leaf

References

Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes

Oval

Pronunciation key

( ō′vʼl )

o•val

adj.

Oval leaf

[Fr. oval, ovale < L. ovum, an egg].

Shaped like an egg.
Resembling an egg-shape; ellipsoidal.

anything oval-shaped or like an egg.

Oval Leaf

References

Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes

Oblanceolate

Pronunciation key

( ob-lan′si-ə-lit )
( ob-lan′si-ə-lāt′ )

ob•lan•ce•o•late

adj.

[ob- + lanceolate].

With the shape of a lance, broad end at the top: said of some leaves.

References

Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes

Hastate

Pronunciation key

( has′tāt )

has•tate

Hastate leaf

adj.

[L. hastatus < hasta, a spear].

Shaped like a spearhead as with some leaves.

References

Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes

Cuneate

Pronunciation key

( kū′ni-it )
( kū′ni-āt′)

cu•ne•ate

Cuneate

adj.

[L. cuneatus < cuneus a wedge].

In botany, having a wedge-shape, tapering as with some leaves.

References

Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes

Auriculate

Pronunciation key

( ô-rik′yoo-lit )

au•ric•u•late

Auriculate

adj.

[< L. auricula see AURICLE; + ate].

possessing ears.
possessing auricles.

References

Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes

Chart of Leaf Shapes

Chart of Leaf Shapes

Chart of Leaf Shapes Reference: Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005
Acicular	Auriculate	Cordate
Cuneate	Deltate or Deltoid	Digitate
Elliptic or Elliptical	Ensiform	Falcate
Hastate	Lanceolate	Linear
Obcordate	Oblanceolate	Oblique
Oblong	Obovate	Orbicular
Oval	Ovate	Palmately lobed
Palmatifid	Palmatisect	Pedate
Peltate	Pinnate	Bipinnate
Pinnatifid	Pinnatisect	Bipinnatifid
Reniform	Sagittate	Spathulate
Pectinate	Trifoliolate