tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44352534481329022722024-02-20T00:26:40.664-08:00Encyclopedian DictionaryEmbracing the whole circle of learning, or a wide range of subjects.<br>(Source: <em>Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary</em>, published 1913 by C. & G. Merriam Co.)Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger53125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-65480962896353925662013-12-16T19:24:00.000-08:002013-12-16T19:24:53.267-08:00exoperidium<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="400" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( ĕks′ō-pǐ-rǐd<b>′</b>ǐ-əm )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>ex•o•pe•rid•i•um</strong></p>
<p><em>n</em>.</p>
<ol>
<li><em>Botany</em>. See <i>peridium</i>.</li>
</ol>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>The American College Dictionary (Random House) ©1949</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-27149943545035306112013-12-14T19:03:00.001-08:002013-12-14T19:04:41.048-08:00Exostema<p><strong>Exostema</strong></p>
<p>A genus of tropical American shrubs or trees of the family Rubiaceae. The bark of one species <em>Exostema caribaceum</em> resembles the bark of the <em>Cinchona</em> trees and has been used as a substitute for quinine.</p>
<table align="center" border="1" width="450"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black">
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Taxonomic Hierarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kingdom</td>
<td>Plantae – Vegetal, plants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subkingdom</td>
<td>Viridaeplantae – green plants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infrakingdom</td>
<td>Streptophyta – land plants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Division</td>
<td>Tracheophyta – vascular plants, tracheophytes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subdivision</td>
<td>Spermatophytina – spermatophytes, seed plants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infradivision</td>
<td>Angiospermae – flowering plants, angiosperms</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Class</td>
<td>Magnoliopsida</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Superorder</td>
<td>Asteranae</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Order</td>
<td>Gentianales</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Family</td>
<td>Rubiaceae – madders, rubiacées</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Exostema (Pers.) Humb. & Bonpl.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Direct Children:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. – Caribbean princewood, princewood</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Exostema ellipticum Griseb. – plateado</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Exostema sanctae-luciae (Kentish) Britton – Jamaicanbark</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34989" target="_blank">Exostema, (Pers.) Humb. & Bonpl. Taxonomic Serial No.: 34989</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia ©1950</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-74989542219556300862013-12-14T17:08:00.000-08:002013-12-14T17:30:07.494-08:00Exocoetus<p><strong>Exocoetus</strong></p>
<table align="center" border="1" width="450"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black">
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Taxonomic Hierarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kingdom</td>
<td>Animal, animals</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subkingdom</td>
<td>Bilateria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infrakingdom</td>
<td>Deuterostomia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Phylum</td>
<td>Chordata – chordates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subphylum</td>
<td>Vertebrata – vertebrates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infraphylum</td>
<td>Gnathostomata</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Superclass</td>
<td>Osteichthyes – bony fishes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Class</td>
<td>Actinopterygii – ray-finned fishes, spiny rayed fishes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subclass</td>
<td>Neopterygii – neopterygians</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infraclass</td>
<td>Teleostei</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Superorder</td>
<td>Acanthopterygii</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Order</td>
<td>Beloniformes – orphies, needlefishes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suborder</td>
<td>Belonoidei</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Superfamily</td>
<td>Exocoetoidea</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Family</td>
<td>Exocoetidae – flyingfishes, exocets, voladores</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Exocoetus Linnaeus, 1758 – flyingfishes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Direct Children:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Exocoetus gibbosus Parin and Shakhovskoy, 2000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson, 1846 – barbel flyingfish, volador barbudo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Exocoetus obtusirostris Günther, 1866 – oceanic two-wing flyingfish, volador flecha, volador oceánico</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Exocoetus peruvianus Parin and Shakhovskoy, 2000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 – tropical two-wing flyingfish, volador tropical</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=165506" target="_blank">Exocoetus, Linnaeus, 1758, Taxonomic Serial No.: 165506</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>See <a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/12/exocoetidae.html">flying fish</a>.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia ©1950</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-6459523473603644592013-12-11T19:53:00.001-08:002013-12-11T19:55:38.623-08:00Exoascus<p><strong>Exoascus</strong></p>
<p>Exoascus or <em>Taphrina</em>, a genus of parasitic fungi of the family Exoascaceae (which is likely no longer valid as it <a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=610624" target="_blank">does not appear</a> listed on ITIS.gov's database) a genus which belonged to the class <a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=13965" target="_blank">Ascomycetes</a>. These fungi cause various deformities on seed plants, especially trees. One of the species causes the disease known as peach curl, which results in a characteristic curling and deformities of the leaf. Another species forms the so-called plum pockets. In this disease the young plums shrivel and seeds fail to develop. Some species cause brushlike deformities known as witches'-brooms on cherry trees.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia ©1950</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-23231701408038021172013-12-11T09:34:00.003-08:002013-12-11T09:34:40.535-08:00Exosporeae<p><strong>Exosporeae</strong></p>
<p>Subclass of slime molds. See Ceratiomyxomycetidae; Myxomycetes.</p>
<table align="center" border="1" width="350"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black">
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Taxonomic Hierarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kingdom</td>
<td>Fungi – fungi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Division</td>
<td>Myxomycota – slime molds, myxomycètes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Class</td>
<td>Myxomycetes – acellular slime molds, plasmoidial slime molds, true slime molds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subclass</td>
<td>Exosporeae</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=13772" target="_blank">Exosporeae, Taxonomic Serial No.: 13772</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia ©1984</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-74623562942118466422013-12-11T08:53:00.002-08:002013-12-11T08:59:21.535-08:00Exopterygota<p><strong>Exopterygota</strong></p>
<p>A traditional classification in zoology, but is <a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=100501" target="_blank">invalid</a>. The correct classification is <em><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=563890" target="_blank">Neoptera</a></em>. Although <em>Exopterygota</em> is still used by some as a subdivision within the Neoptera, for the moment ITIS is not implementing this.</p>
<p>Traditionally, Exopterygota was a division (17 orders) of the class Insecta characterized by incomplete metamorphosis and resemblance of the juvenile and the adult.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia ©1984</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-81093837550730089502013-12-11T08:41:00.001-08:002013-12-11T08:41:30.165-08:00exopodite<p><strong>exopodite</strong></p>
<p><em>Biology</em>. Part of a crustacean appendage.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia ©1984</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-66940356993763607662013-12-11T08:08:00.000-08:002013-12-14T18:24:38.122-08:00Exogyra<p><strong>Exogyra</strong></p>
<p>Extinct mollusc genus of the Oyster family, commonly found in shallow-water marine deposits of the Jurassic to Cretaceous periods (dating around 65-190 million years old). <em>Exogyra</em> characteristically had a very thick shell which attained massive proportions. The beak of each valve is spiral. The left valve is spirally twisted, deeply convex, usually strongly marked by radial folds of the surface whereas the right valve is flatter, concave and much smaller and contains a surface that is either smooth or marked by faint radiating lines. A distinctive longitudal pattern of ribbing is highly developed in the left valve. The genus possessed inequilateral, twisted shells resembling somewhat the form of the young plicate shells of the modern edible oyster though the shell of <em>Exogyra</em> is larger and more convex.
<center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/exn-exz/exogyra-upatoiensis.png" border="0" alt="Exogyra"><br>
<em>Exogyra upatoiensis</em></center>
<center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/exn-exz/exogyra-ponderosa.png" border="0" alt="Exogyra"><br>
<em>Exogyra ponderosa</em></center>
<h3>References and Further Reading</h3>
<li>Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia ©1950</li>
<li>Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia ©1984</li>
<li><a href="http://newton.physics.uiowa.edu/~cnewsom/fossils/Oysters/exogyra/" target="_blank">Exogyra collection</a> of C. Newsom, Collected from Texas, Alabama, New Jersey, Utah and Nevada</li>
<li><a href="http://www.uky.edu/OtherOrgs/KPS/poky/pages/pokych08.htm" target="_blank">Paleontology of Kentucky</a></li>
Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-25210022460752493472013-12-11T06:48:00.001-08:002013-12-11T06:52:51.592-08:00exocoetoidei<p><strong>exocoetoidei</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=165430" target="_blank">Invalid synonym</a> for <em>Belonoidei</em>. Traditionally the term was a classification for a suborder of fishes of the order <em><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=165429" target="_blank">Atheriniformes</a></em>.</p>
<p>See <a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=553157">Belonoidei, Taxonomic Serial No.: 553157</a>.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia ©1984</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-36063134295956664832013-12-11T06:28:00.001-08:002013-12-11T06:28:24.372-08:00Exocoetidae<p><strong>Exocoetidae</strong></p>
<p>Family of flying fishes.</p>
<table align="center" border="1" width="350"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black">
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Taxonomic Hierarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kingdom</td>
<td>Animal, animals</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subkingdom</td>
<td>Bilateria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infrakingdom</td>
<td>Deuterostomia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Phylum</td>
<td>Chordata – chordates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subphylum</td>
<td>Vertebrata – vertebrates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infraphylum</td>
<td>Gnathostomata</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Superclass</td>
<td>Osteichthyes – bony fishes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Class</td>
<td>Actinopterygii – ray-finned fishes, spiny rayed fishes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subclass</td>
<td>Neopterygii – neopterygians</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infraclass</td>
<td>Teleostei</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Superorder</td>
<td>Acanthopterygii</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Order</td>
<td>Beloniformes – orphies, needlefishes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suborder</td>
<td>Belonoidei</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Superfamily</td>
<td>Exocoetoidea</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Family</td>
<td>Exocoetidae – flyingfishes, exocets, voladores</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Direct Children:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Cheilopogon Lowe, 1841</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Cypselurus Swainson, 1838</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Danichthys Bruun, 1934</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Exocoetus Linnaeus, 1758 – flyingfishes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Fodiator Jordan and Meek, 1885</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Hirundichthys Breder, 1928</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Parexocoetus Bleeker, 1866</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Prognichthys Breder, 1928</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=165431" target="_blank">Exocoetidae, Taxonomic Serial No.: 165431</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>See Flying Fish and Halfbeak.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia ©1984</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-60054336991165541492013-12-10T19:57:00.003-08:002013-12-18T11:15:10.189-08:00exobasidiales<p><strong>exobasidiales</strong></p>
<p><i>Fungi</i>. See <em><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/06/basidiomycetes.html">Basidiomycetes</a></em> and <a href="http://encyclopedian.blogspot.com/2013/06/earthstar-basidiomycetes.html">Earthstar Fungi: Basidiomycetes</a>.</p>
<table align="center" border="1" width="350"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black">
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Taxonomic Hierarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kingdom</td>
<td>Fungi – fungi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Division</td>
<td>Basidiomycota – basidiomycetes, club fungi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Class</td>
<td>Ustomycetes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Order</td>
<td>Exobasidiales</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Direct Children:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Family</td>
<td>Brachybasidiaceae Gäum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=623884" target="_blank">Exobasidiales, Taxonomic Serial No.: 623884</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="right" border="0" width="150"><tbody style="line-height: 1"><tr><td>
<center><a target='new' href="http://click.linksynergy.com/link?id=9PuyJv0djy8&offerid=189673.142979947&type=2&murl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibris.com%2Fbooksearch%3Fqsort%3Dp%26qisbn%3D9783827408549"><IMG border=0 src="http://images.alibris.com/isbn/9783827408549.gif" ></a><IMG border=0 width=1 height=1 src="http://ad.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/show?id=9PuyJv0djy8&bids=189673.142979947&type=2&subid=0" ><br>
<a target='new' href="http://click.linksynergy.com/link?id=9PuyJv0djy8&offerid=189673.142979947&type=2&murl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibris.com%2Fbooksearch%3Fqsort%3Dp%26qisbn%3D9783827408549">Farbatlas der Basidiomyceten/Color Atlas Of Basidiomycetes<br>
<img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/directory/alibris-logo.gif" border="0" alt=""></a></center>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia ©1984</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-46905543071810264072013-12-10T16:02:00.001-08:002013-12-10T17:01:31.726-08:00Exotic Shorthair (Cat)<p><strong>Exotic Shorthair Cat</strong></p>
<table align="center" border="1" width="350"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black">
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Taxonomic Hierarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kingdom</td>
<td>Animal, animals</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subkingdom</td>
<td>Bilateria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infrakingdom</td>
<td>Deuterostomia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Phylum</td>
<td>Chordata – chordates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subphylum</td>
<td>Vertebrata – vertebrates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infraphylum</td>
<td>Gnathostomata</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Superclass</td>
<td>Tetrapoda</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Class</td>
<td>Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 – mammals</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subclass</td>
<td>Theria Parker and Haswell, 1897</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Infraclass</td>
<td>Eutheria Gill, 1872</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Order</td>
<td>Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 – carnivores, carnivores</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suborder</td>
<td>Feliformia Kretzoi, 1945 – cat-like carnivores</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Family</td>
<td>Felidae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 – cats</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subfamily</td>
<td>Felinae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus</td>
<td>Felis Linnaeus, 1758 – small cats</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Species</td>
<td>Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 – Domestic Cat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183798" target="_blank">Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758, Taxonomic Serial No.: 183798</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>For many years British breeders experimented with crossbreeding Persian and Russian Blue lines into the British shorthair breed. In the 1950's and 1960's in the U.S., some breeders began using Persians in their American shorthair breeding programs. There was an open registration policy at that time. The goal was to add color not yet available in American shorthairs, such as chinchilla and shaded silver, which at that time existed only in the Persian breed. Resulting from this hybridization the shorthairs began acquiring some undesirable traits, including round heads and soft, excessively long coats. This outcrossing was discontinued by most breeders.</p>
<p>The hybrids were appreciated by some breeders for the cat's exceptional beauty and uniqueness. In 1966, through the initiative of Jane Martinke, a judge with the CFA, it was suggested to institute a program in recognition of the hybrid. Therefore the CFA decided to designate the new breed as Exotic Shorthair. The ideal was to be a short haired Persian, and all breeders of the hybrid American Shorthairs were given an opportunity for registration of their cats to this new breed.</p>
<p>By 1967, Exotic Shorthairs were accepted for Championship status. Burmese and Russian Blues were also used in the early years because at that time any shorthair was allowed. Today only Persians are accepted.</p>
<p>The standard for Exotic Shorthairs is the same as that for Persians except the coat which must be medium length, soft and stands out from the body. The length is slightly longer than that of other short-haired cats but should not be so long that it "flows," as does the Persian's coat. Because of its close ties with the Persian, this breed has been judged along with the long-haired breed group at the CFA shows since 1983.</p>
<p>Following years of hard work, breeders have produced Exotic Shorthairs equal in body and head type to the Persian. However, the breed still has its own distinct appearance which some call a "teddy bear look," with a stocky body that is boldly apparent with short legs and the neck is more easily seen without the long coat.</p>
<p><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/exn-exz/exotic-shorthair-cat.jpg" border="0" alt="Exotic Shorthair Cat"><br>
Grolier Encyclopedia ©1991<br>
<em>One of the more recently accepted breeds of cat by the CFA. Its fur has Persian qualities but is as short as that of the Abyssinian and does not mat. Its color is the same as the Persian breed. Its nose is short and snub and its legs are low. This cat was produced by breeding a shorthair with a Persian.</em></center></p>
<h3>References and Further Reading</h3>
<li>Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge ©1991</li>
<li><i>Feline Husbandry</i>, pp. 39-40, ©1991 American Veterinary Publications, Inc.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.petmd.com/cat/breeds/c_ct_exotic_shorthair" target="_blank">Pet MD: Exotic Shorthair</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cfainc.org/Breeds/BreedsCJ/Exotic.aspx" target="_blank">About This Breed</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.vetstreet.com/cats/exotic-shorthair" target="_blank">Vet Street: Exotic Shorthair</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.catchannel.com/breeds/all_landing.aspx" target="_blank">All Cat Breeds</a></li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-14540678028662414272013-12-10T12:56:00.000-08:002013-12-15T19:30:46.936-08:00exotropia<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="400" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( ek′so-tro<b>′</b>pe-ah )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>exotropia</strong></p>
<p><em>n</em>.</p>
<ol>
<li>Divergent strabismus.</li>
<li>Stabismus in which there is permanent deviation of the visual axis of one eye away from that of the other which results in diplopia. Also called Divergent Strabismus and wall-eye.</li>
</ol>
<p><em>Adj.</em> exotropic.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's Improved Dictionary and Everyday Encyclopedia ©1956</li>
<li>Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health ©1978</li>Encyclopedian Dictionaryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12165145752478581324noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-81129994366948700272013-08-12T04:45:00.001-07:002013-08-12T06:13:11.560-07:00Spatulate or Spathulate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="300" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( spach<b>′</b>oo-lit)<br>
( spach<b>′</b>oo-lāt)</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>spat•u•late</strong></p>
<table align="right" border="1" width="100"><tbody align="center" bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/spathulate.jpg" border="0" alt="Spatulate leaf"><br>Spatulate or Spathulate leaf</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<p>[Mod. L. <em>spatulatus</em>].</p>
<ol>
<li>Shaped like a spatula or a spoon such as some leaves.</li>
</ol>
<table align="center" border="0" width="100"><tbody align="center"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/spatulate.png" border="0" alt="Spatulate leaf"><br>Spatulate or Spathulate leaf</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-shapes.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-31510923941784330422013-08-11T16:06:00.001-07:002013-08-12T06:45:19.646-07:00Oval<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="300" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( ō<b>′</b>vʼl )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>o•val</strong></p>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<table align="right" border="1" width="100"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black" align="center"><tr><td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/oval.jpg" border="0" alt="Oval leaf"><br>Oval leaf</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>[Fr. <em>oval</em>, <em>ovale</em> < L. <em>ovum</em>, an egg].</p>
<ol>
<li>Shaped like an egg.</li>
<li>Resembling an egg-shape; ellipsoidal.</li>
</ol>
<p><em>n.</em></p>
<ol>
<li>anything oval-shaped or like an egg.</li>
</ol>
<table align="center" border="0"><tbody align="center"><tr><td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/oval-shaped-leaf.png" border="0" alt="Oval leaf"><br>Oval Leaf</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-shapes.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-84876894514295720612013-08-10T14:07:00.001-07:002013-08-10T14:09:00.813-07:00Oblanceolate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="400" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( ob-lan<b>′</b>si-ə-lit )<br>
( ob-lan<b>′</b>si-ə-lāt′ )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>ob•lan•ce•o•late</strong></p>
<table align="right" border="1" width="100"><tbody align="center" bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/oblanceolate.jpg" border="0" alt="Oblanceolate leaf"></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<p>[<em>ob-</em> + <em>lanceolate</em>].</p>
<ol>
<li>With the shape of a lance, broad end at the top: said of some leaves.</li>
</ol>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-shapes.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-5464488328711381142013-08-09T19:52:00.002-07:002013-08-09T19:52:33.316-07:00Hastate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="300" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( has<b>′</b>tāt )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>has•tate</strong></p>
<table align="right" border="1" width="100"><tbody bgcolor="white" align="center" style="color: black"><tr><td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/hastate.jpg" border="0" alt="Hastate Leaf"><br>Hastate leaf</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<p>[L. <em>hastatus</em> < <em>hasta</em>, a spear].</p>
<ol>
<li>Shaped like a spearhead as with some leaves.</li>
</ol>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-shapes.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-21308878538826183202013-08-09T13:44:00.000-07:002013-08-09T13:47:17.030-07:00Cuneate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="300" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( kū<b>′</b>ni-it )<br>
( kū<b>′</b>ni-āt′)</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>cu•ne•ate</strong></p>
<table align="right" width="100" border="1"><tbody align="center" bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/cuneate.jpg" border="0" alt="Cuneate"><br>Cuneate</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<p>[L. <em>cuneatus</em> < <em>cuneus</em> a wedge].</p>
<ol>
<li>In botany, having a wedge-shape, tapering as with some leaves.</li>
</ol>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-shapes.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-3028053545099227252013-08-07T21:47:00.000-07:002013-08-07T22:15:50.952-07:00Auriculate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="300" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( ô-rik<b>′</b>yoo-lit )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>au•ric•u•late</strong></p>
<table align="right" width="100" border="1"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/auriculate.jpg" border="0" alt="Auriculate"><br>Auriculate</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<p>[< L. <em>auricula</em> see <a href="http://encyclopedian.blogspot.com/2013/08/auricle.html">AURICLE</a>; + <em>ate</em>].</p>
<ol>
<li>possessing ears.</li>
<li>possessing auricles.</li>
</ol>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-shapes.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-11012459030360480992013-08-07T19:32:00.001-07:002013-08-13T21:15:27.629-07:00Chart of Leaf Shapes<p><strong>Chart of Leaf Shapes</strong></p>
<table align="center" border="1" width="450"><tbody valign="top" align="center" bgcolor="white" style="color: black">
<tr>
<td colspan="3">
Chart of Leaf Shapes<br>
Reference: <em>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees</em>, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><center><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/acicular.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/acicular.jpg" border="0" alt="Acicular"><br>Acicular</a></center></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/auriculate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/auriculate.jpg" border="0" alt="Auriculate"><br>Auriculate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/cordate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/cordate.jpg" border="0" alt="Cordate"><br>Cordate</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/cuneate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/cuneate.jpg" border="0" alt="Cuneate"><br>Cuneate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://zoology-quest.blogspot.com/2013/08/deltoid-and-deltate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/deltate.jpg" border="0" alt="Deltate"><br>Deltate or Deltoid</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/digitate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/digitate.jpg" border="0" alt="Digitate"><br>Digitate</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/elliptic-or-elliptical.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/elliptic.jpg" border="0" alt="Elliptic"><br>Elliptic or Elliptical</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/ensiform.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/ensiform.jpg" border="0" alt="Ensiform"><br>Ensiform</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/falcate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/falcate.jpg" border="0" alt="Falcate"><br>Falcate</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/hastate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/hastate.jpg" border="0" alt="Hastate"><br>Hastate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://zoology-quest.blogspot.com/2013/08/lanceolate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/lanceolate.jpg" border="0" alt="Lanceolate"><br>Lanceolate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/linear.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/linear.jpg" border="0" alt="Linear"><br>Linear</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/obcordate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/obcordate.jpg" border="0" alt="Obcordate"><br>Obcordate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/oblanceolate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/oblanceolate.jpg" border="0" alt="Oblanceolate"><br>Oblanceolate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/oblique.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/oblique.jpg" border="0" alt="Oblique"><br>Oblique</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/oblong.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/oblong.jpg" border="0" alt="Oblong"><br>Oblong</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/obovate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/obovate.jpg" border="0" alt="Obovate"><br>Obovate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/orbicular.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/orbicular.jpg" border="0" alt="Orbicular"><br>Orbicular</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/oval.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/oval.jpg" border="0" alt="Oval"><br>Oval</a></td>
<td><a href="http://zoology-quest.blogspot.com/2013/08/ovate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/ovate.jpg" border="0" alt="Ovate"><br>Ovate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/palmate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/palmately-lobed.jpg" border="0" alt="Palmately lobed"><br>Palmately lobed</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/palmatifid.jpg" border="0" alt="Palmatifid"><br>Palmatifid</td>
<td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/palmatisect.jpg" border="0" alt="Palmatisect"><br>Palmatisect</td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-dictionary.blogspot.com/2013/08/pedate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/pedate.jpg" border="0" alt="Pedate"><br>Pedate</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-dictionary.blogspot.com/2013/08/peltate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/peltate.jpg" border="0" alt="Peltate"><br>Peltate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedist-dictionary.blogspot.com/2013/08/pinnate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/pinnate.jpg" border="0" alt="Pinnate"><br>Pinnate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedist-dictionary.blogspot.com/2013/06/bipinnate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/bipinnate.jpg" border="0" alt="Bipinnate"><br>Bipinnate</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian.blogspot.com/2013/08/pinnatifid.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/pinnatifid.jpg" border="0" alt="Pinnatifid"><br>Pinnatifid</a></td>
<td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/pinnatisect.jpg" border="0" alt="Pinnatisect"><br>Pinnatisect</td>
<td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/bipinnatifid.jpg" border="0" alt="Bipinnatifid"><br>Bipinnatifid</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/reniform.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/reniform.jpg" border="0" alt="Reniform"><br>Reniform</a></td>
<td><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/sagittate.jpg" border="0" alt="Sagittate"><br>Sagittate</td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/spatulate-or-spathulate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/spathulate.jpg" border="0" alt="Spathulate"><br>Spathulate</a></tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://zoology-quest.blogspot.com/2013/08/pectinate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/pectinate.jpg" border="0" alt="Pectinate"><br>Pectinate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/trifoliolate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/trifoliolate.jpg" border="0" alt="Trifoliolate"><br>Trifoliolate</a></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" border="0"><tbody valign="top"><tr>
<td colspan="2"><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/sagittate.png" border="0" alt="Sagittate Shaped Leaf"><br>Sagittate Shaped Leaf</center></td><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/wedge-shaped.png" border="0" alt="Wedge Shaped Leaf"><br>Wedge Shaped Leaf</center></td></tr>
<tr>
<td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/runcinate-shaped.png" border="0" alt="Runcinate Shaped Leaf"><br>Runcinate Shaped Leaf</center></td>
<td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/awl-shaped.png" border="0" alt="Awl Shaped Leaf"><br>Awl Shaped Leaf</center></td>
<td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-shapes/acerose.png" border="0" alt="Acerose Shaped Leaf"><br>Acerose Shaped Leaf</center></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>References and Further Reading</h3>
<li><i>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees</i>, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-margins.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Margins</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-tips.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Tips</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/leaf-arrangement-and-attachment.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Attachment and Arrangement</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-venation.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Venation</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-kinds.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Kinds</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-44181220027855957032013-08-07T17:09:00.000-07:002013-08-07T17:38:40.296-07:00Stipulate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="300" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( stip<b>′</b>yoo-lāt′ )<br>
( stip<b>′</b>yoo-lit )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>stipulate</strong></p>
<p><em>adj.</em></p>
<p>[Mod. L. <em>stipulatus</em>]</p>
<ol>
<li>possession of a <a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/stipule.html">stipule</a>.</li>
</ol>
<p><em>v.t</em>. [STIPULATED (-id), STIPULATING]</p>
<p>[< L. <em>stipulatus</em> pp. of <em>stipulari</em>, to bargain, < OL. <em>stipulus</em>, firm; IE. base *<em>stip</em>-, a pole, etc; cf. STIFF].</p>
<table align="right" width="100" border="1"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/stipulate.jpg" border="0" alt="Stipulate"><br>Stipulate</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<ol>
<li>to include specific terms in a contract or agreement. To arrange definately.</li>
<li>to specify an essential condition of or requisite in a contract.</li>
</ol>
<p><em>v.i.</em></p>
<ol>
<li>to make a specific demand or arrangement for some thing as part of a condition in an agreement.</li>
</ol>
<table align="center" width="300" border="1"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/stipule-pea.jpg" border="0" alt="Stipule, of Pea Vine"><br>
Stipule, of Pea Vine</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/leaf-arrangement-and-attachment.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Arrangement and Attachment</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/stipule.html">Zoology Quest: Stipule</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-62946764876790577632013-08-07T12:57:00.002-07:002013-08-07T13:03:56.934-07:00Perfoliate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="300" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( pẽr-fō<b>′</b>li-it )<br>
( pẽr-fō<b>′</b>li-āt′ )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="right" width="100" border="1"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/perfoliate.jpg" border="0" alt="Perfoliate Leaves"><br>Perfoliate Leaves</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><strong>per•fo•li•ate</strong></p>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<p>[<em>per</em>-, through + L. <em>folium</em> a leaf; + <em>ate</em>].</p>
<ol>
<li>Possessing a stem that seems to pass through a leaf.</li>
<li>Description of such a leaf.</li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<table align="center" width="350" border="1"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/perfoliate-leaves.jpg" border="0" alt="Perfoliate Leaves"><br>
Perfoliate Leaves<br>
Connate perfoliate of a wild honeysuckle and perfoliate of a bellwort</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>References and Further Reading</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/leaf-arrangement-and-attachment.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Arrangement and Attachment</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-13731334811229822552013-08-06T22:03:00.002-07:002013-08-06T22:03:32.890-07:00Alternate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="350" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( ôl<b>′</b>tẽr-nit )<br>
( al<b>′</b>tẽr-nit )<br>
<em>for v.</em><br>
( ôl<b>′</b>tẽr-nāt′ )<br>
( al<b>′</b>tẽr-nāt′ )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>al•ter•nate</strong></p>
<table align="right" border="1" width="100"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/alternate.jpg" border="0" alt="Alternate leaves"><br>Alternate</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<p>[L. <em>alternatus</em> pp. of <em>alternare</em> to do by turns < <em>alternus</em>, one after the other < <em>alter</em>, other].</p>
<ol>
<li>occurence in turns; succession each other; one and then another.</li>
<li>every other one, as in answering alternate questions.</li>
<li>in <i>botany</i>, growing along the stem singly at various intervals: opposed to opposite. Placed at intervals betweeen other parts.</li>
</ol>
<table align="center" border="1" width="300"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/alternate-leaves.jpg" border="0" alt="Alternate leaves"><br>Alternate Leaves of Beech</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><em>n</em>.</p>
<ol>
<li>An individual selected to replace another if necessary, such as an <em>alternate juror</em>; substitute.</li>
<li>in <i>linquistics</i> an allomorph. Abbreviated alt.</li>
</ol>
<p><em>v.t.</em> [ALTERNATED (-id), ALTERNATING], to do or use by turns. Make happen or arrange by turns.</p>
<p><em>v.i.</em>
<ol>
<li>to act, happen, et cetera by turns; follow in succession: such as good times alternate with the bad.</li>
<li>taking turns.</li>
<li>regular exchange of place or position.</li>
<li>in <i>electronics</i>, to reverse direction regularly and continually as in electrical current. That is, AC/DC, Alternating Current vs. Direct Current.</li>
<li>to make, or be operated by such a current.</li>
</ol>
<p>Syn. - intermittent.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/leaf-arrangement-and-attachment.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Arrangement and Attachment</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-19461360868413868122013-08-05T23:30:00.001-07:002013-08-13T21:20:55.018-07:00Leaf arrangement and attachment<table align="center" border="1" width="400"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black" valign="top" align="middle">
<tr>
<td colspan="3">Leaf Arrangement and Attachment Chart<br>
Reference: <i>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees</i>, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/alternate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/alternate.jpg" border="0" alt="Alternate"><br>Alternate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/amplexicaul.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/amplexicaul.jpg" border="0" alt="Amplexicaul"><br>Amplexicaul</a></td>
<td><a href="http://zoology-quest.blogspot.com/2013/08/decurrent.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/decurrent.jpg" border="0" alt="Decurrent"><br>Decurrent</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/opposite.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/opposite.jpg" border="0" alt="Opposite"><br>Opposite</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/perfoliate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/perfoliate.jpg" border="0" alt="Perfoliate"><br>Perfoliate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://zoology-quest.blogspot.com/2013/08/petiolate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/petiolate.jpg" border="0" alt="Petiolate"><br>Petiolate</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/sessile.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/sessile.jpg" border="0" alt="Sessile"><br>Sessile</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/sheathing.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/sheathing.jpg" border="0" alt="Sheathing"><br>Sheathing</a></td>
<td><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/stipulate.html"><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-attachment-arrangement/stipulate.jpg" border="0" alt="Stipulate"><br>Stipulate</a><br>(Contains a <em><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/stipulate.html">Stipule</a></em>)</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>References and Further Reading</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-margins.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Margins</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-tips.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Tips</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-shapes.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Shapes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-venation.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Venation</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopaedia-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-kinds.html">Zoology Quest: Chart of Leaf Kinds</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4435253448132902272.post-66754704189810101792013-08-05T18:06:00.002-07:002013-08-08T00:43:51.347-07:00Serrate<!-- Begin Pronunciation Box -->
<table align="center" width="300" border="0"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="font-family: times"><tr><td style="color: black"><br> <center><p>Pronunciation key
<p><font size="22"> ( ser<b>′</b>āt )<br>
( ser<b>′</b>it )</font></center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!-- End Pronunciation Box -->
<p><strong>ser•rate</strong></p>
<table align="right" width="100" border="1"><tbody bgcolor="white" style="color: black"><tr><td><center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-margins/serrate.jpg" border="0" alt="Serrate"><br>Serrate</center></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><em>adj</em>.</p>
<p>[L. <em>serratus</em> < <em>serra</em>, a saw].</p>
<ol>
<li>having sawlike notches along the edge, as some types of leaves.</li>
</ol>
<center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-margins/serrate-leaf.png" border="0" alt="Serrate"><br>Serrate Leaf</center>
<center><img src="http://encyclopedian.artscape.us/lea-lem/leaf-margins/doubly-serrate-leaf.png" border="0" alt="Serrate"><br>Doubly Serrate Leaf</center>
<h3>References</h3>
<li>Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (College Edition) ©1955</li>
<li>Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees, Edited by Steve Cafferty M.Sc. ©2005</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedian-zoology.blogspot.com/2013/08/chart-of-leaf-margins.html">Zoology Quest: Leaf Margins Chart</a></li>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0